学龄前儿童
Parents can begin good organization habits with preschool-age children, said Elana Spira, Ph.D., co-author of "The Organized Child" and clinical assistant professor in the department of child and adolescent psychiatry at NYU Langone.
《干事有层次的孩子》一书的合著作者、纽约年夜学朗格尼医学中间儿童与青少年精力病学临床助理传授埃拉娜·斯皮拉博士说，怙恃可以从孩子学龄前就起头培育孩子杰出的组织习惯。
She recommends asking them to do small, simple actions on a regular basis. Maybe they unpack their backpacks and bring their lunch bag to the kitchen, or take their shoes off at the door and put them in a nearby closet. These won't save parents tons of time, but they will help instill good habits.
她建议让孩子们按期做一些简单的小事，好比让他们打开背包，把午饭包带到厨房，或在门口脱下鞋子，放进旁边的鞋柜。这些其实不会帮怙恃节流几多时候，但会帮孩子逐步养成好习惯。
Doing small chores at a young age helps children exercise inhibition, discipline and attention, all of which they'll need later on.
在年幼的时辰做一些简单的家务可以帮忙孩子们熬炼便宜力、自律和注重力，对他们此后有益。
小学生
When kids enter elementary school, they're ready for more responsibility. This is the time to teach them about daily routines, and help them take control over theirs. Parent and child might sit down together and make a list of everything that needs to be done to get out of the house in the morning, or get ready for bed at night.
孩子们上了小学今后，他们就要筹办好承当更多的责任。这时候你可以教他们一些平常糊口放置，帮忙他们本身完成。怙恃和孩子可以坐在一路，列出早上出门或晚上筹办睡觉前需要做的所有工作。
Together, they should figure out how long each activity takes, and when the best time to do them is. Some kids might want to get their backpack ready and pick out their clothes the night before; others, in the morning.
怙恃和孩子应当一路算出完成每件事需要多长时候，和干事的最好时候。有些孩子可能想在前一天晚上筹办好背包，挑好衣服，还有些孩子则愿意在第二天早上再筹办。
It's also wise to create a firm schedule for homework. When do children do their homework? How long do they need? Where do they do it? Where does the homework go once it is done? Figure it out all before, and stick to the schedule as much as possible.
拟定一个固定的家庭功课时候表也是个不错的主张。孩子们甚么时辰造作业？需要多长时候？在哪里做？功课做完后交给谁？提早把所有事项列清晰，尽可能对峙履行。
Spira suggests printing up these task lists and laminating them—and then, step-by-step, handing over the execution of these tasks to the children. Children might even check them off with a dry erase marker each morning or evening, as they move through their lists.
斯皮拉建议打印出使命列表并装订好，并慢慢让孩子本身履行这些使命。孩子们乃至可能在天天迟早阅读清单，并用白板笔把完成的使命划失落。
Also, make sure the rooms in which these tasks take place are outfitted with easy-to-read clocks. Time management is an important part of learning organization, but it can't be done if kids don't know what time it is.
另外，要确保孩子们完成这些使命地点的房间都配有易读的时钟。时候办理是进修有层次干事的主要构成部门，但若是孩子们不知道时候，就没法实现。
青少年
All this planning ahead is important to start in the single-digit years, but it works for tweens and teens, too. As children get older and their schedules get busier, they need their parents' help identifying priorities and understanding what it takes to make it all work. As with younger children, the goal is to help them figure out what will work for them -- and then help them stick with it.
主要的是，上述所有这些打算要在10岁前起头，不外也合用于青少年。跟着孩子们长年夜，他们的日程放置变得加倍忙碌，需要怙恃帮手来肯定工作的轻重缓急，并理解若何才能让诸事顺遂。对年幼的孩子来讲，我们的方针是帮忙他们找到合适本身的方式，并对峙下往。
Calendars are also essential for helping families stay organized. Julie Morgenstern, organizing and productivity expert and bestselling author of "Time to Parent: Organizing Your Life to Bring Out the Best in Your Child and You," suggests keeping a family calendar—paper or electronic—and maintaining it regularly. Each family member should have a color dedicated to their activities, so it's easy to see who is doing what, when.
日历对帮忙家庭连结井井有理也很主要。朱莉·摩根斯特恩是一名组织和效力专家，也是畅销书《给怙恃的时候：组织你的糊口，揭示出孩子和你最好的一面》的作者。她建议利用家庭日历（纸质或电子）并按期保护。每一个家庭成员都应当有专属于本身的色彩，如许就很轻易看出谁在甚么时候做甚么。
"You can't expect people to look at the calendar on their own. You should have a family huddle every day to look at it as part of your routine, and look at three days ahead," Morgenstern said. "It's better to find any problems (in the schedule) days before."
“你不克不及期望人们本身看日历。你应当天天和家人聚在一路，把浏览家庭日历当做平常老例，还要提早三天看，”摩根斯特恩说。“最好提早几天（在日程放置中）发现题目。”
Other helpful accessories include color-coded folders or labeled accordion folders in the backpack to help organize the various papers children bring home for school: one for each type of homework, one for permission slips, and so on.
其他有效的物件包罗背包里的彩色文件夹或贴有标签的风琴式文件夹，用来帮忙清算孩子们从黉舍带回家的各类文件：一个用于寄存各类功课，一个用于赞成书等等。
Also, once a child is old enough—Spira suggests around 3rd grade—they should have a planner in which they write down all school-related tasks.
另外，斯皮拉建议，一旦孩子春秋足够年夜，年夜约到三年级，他们应当有一个记事簿，写下所有黉舍使命。
一种气概其实不合适所有人
If any of this strikes parents as overwhelming, or likely to make their children's heads explode, then slow down.
若是家长感应此中任何一项难以办到，或可能让孩子发疯，那就渐渐来。
"Set the child up for success by instituting change gradually," Spira advises. "You don't have to solve everything at once. Wait until the child has been consistently successful with one solution, before moving on to the next."
斯皮拉建议说：“经由过程逐步改变，让孩子取得成功。你没必要一会儿解决所有题目。比及孩子能延续成功做到此中一项后，再进行下一个。”
Organization gives children the chance to work on executive functioning, or the skills that make it possible to focus on a task and complete it.
进修干事层次分明让孩子们有机遇进修履行，或使他们可以或许专注于一项使命并将其完成。
These skills include inhibition (the ability to think before you act); emotional control; task initiation; and time management.
这些能力包罗便宜力（步履前思虑的能力）、情感节制、使命倡议和时候办理。
The lessons learned from maintaining a tidy binder or managing their own calendars will stay with them for the rest of their lives.
从保护一个整洁的活页夹或办理本身的日历中罗致的经验将陪伴他们平生。
Overall, children tend to be more motivated to learn organization skills if they see organization as a "challenge to overcome, rather than faults to repair," Spira said.
总的来讲，若是孩子们把进修干事层次分明看做是“需要降服的挑战，而不是需要改正的毛病”，就更有动力往进修组织技术。